8-EST-814-Concept of system in Instruction
By
Olaide Alabi (PhD)
Objectives
At the end of the lecture learners should be able to:
1. Define and explain the concept of a system
2. Define the characteristics of the system.
3. State the types of systems;
4. State the Hierarchies within Educational systems
5. State the components of hierarchies within the Educational system
6. Explain instruction as a subsystem
Definition and explanation of the concept of a system
In a general sense, a system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives a system denotes a set of unified elements or components that work together to achieve a mutual purpose or function. Systems could be in various contexts, ranging from natural systems found in the environment to human-made systems. When one talks of a system is usually found to be a group of things/people which have something in common.
It assists in identifying those indicators of natural phenomena and procedures that fulfil certain universal conditions.
The characteristics of the system:-
The characteristics and qualities of a system describe its fundamental attributes and properties that define its structure, conduct, and operation across different domains and disciplines.
By examining the interconnections, feedback loops, emergent properties, and dynamic behaviours of systems, analysts and designers can gain insights into how systems operate, evolve, and influence their environments, leading to informed decision-making and effective problem-solving.
Interconnectedness: Systems are composed of interconnected elements or components that interact with each other. The relationships and interactions among these elements are essential for the system to function as a unified whole. In this process, different elements are linked together to improve efficiency and accountability throughout the organization.
Purpose: It is required for a system to serve a specific purpose or function, the purpose of that system should be stated in clear terms to guide its design, operation, and optimisation to achieve desired results effectively and efficiently. The purpose of a system should focus on a broad range of bringing about enhancements, for instance in an educational system it ought to include enhancing schools' teaching methods and strategies. In the context of an educational system, purpose serves as a central characteristic that guides its structure, operation, and goals.
Boundaries: Systems have boundaries that describe their scope and differentiate them from their setting. It is the limit that a particular system should operate. The boundary regulates the elements or factors considered part of the system and external to it. Boundary environments inspire the relations and connections between the system and its environment. The significance of boundaries as a characteristic of an educational system remains significant, especially in light of the changes and challenges experienced. Boundaries play a crucial role in determining the arrangement, the different subsystems and interactions within an educational system, particularly in the context of evolving digital landscapes and changing educational paradigms. It ought to constitute the field that the system intends to cover. It is within the boundaries of a system that reforms are initiated and welcomed from the outside.
Emergent Properties: Systems often display emergent properties or behaviours that manifest from the interactions and relationships among their components. These emergent properties may not be directly expected from the properties of individual components but become obvious at the system level, leading to new patterns, properties, or phenomena. Emergent properties initiate invention and variation within educational systems, promoting dynamic responses to changing needs, tasks, and prospects. As educators test with new pedagogical methods, technologies, and instructional environments, emergent properties such as creativity, resilience, and adaptability may emerge, leading to continuous improvement and growth.
Hierarchy: A System can be ranked within an organisation, with multiple levels of bodies and subsystems nested within larger systems. Subsystems are smaller-scale systems that perform specialized functions within the broader context of the overarching system. The hierarchical arrangement of systems reveals the connections and dependencies between different levels of organization. Emergent properties are highly relevant as a characteristic of an educational system, predominantly in accepting the complex and dynamic interactions that occur within educational environments. It plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics, behaviours, and outcomes within educational systems. By recognizing and harnessing the potential of emergent properties, educators and stakeholders can stimulate environments that foster creativity, collaboration, resilience, and fairness, eventually enhancing the value and efficacy of education for all learners.
Feedback Mechanisms: Feedback loops are essential for regulating and upholding system stability and behaviour. Feedback mechanisms provide information about the system's performance, aiding variations, rectifications, or versions of transformation in internal or external conditions. Feedback mechanisms are vital as a normal condition of an educational system, enabling constant enhancement, variation, and sensitivity to the desires of students, educators, and stakeholders. Feedback mechanisms are essential features of an educational system, simplifying communication, collaboration, and continuous improvement among students, educators, administrators, and other stakeholders. By prioritizing feedback and integrating it into decision-making processes, educational institutions can boost instructional outcomes, promote stakeholder engagement, and create inclusive, responsive, and high-performing learning environments.
Dynamic Behaviour: Systems are dynamic and grow in response to internal and external influences, changes, or agitations. System dynamics may involve adaptation, growth, deterioration, strength, or transformation, driven by feedback loops, environmental factors, or systemic changes. Dynamic behaviour is highly relevant as a characteristic of an educational system, especially in responding to changing needs, environments, and advancements in education. In summary, dynamic behaviour is a critical characteristic of an educational system, it allows openness, innovation, teamwork, and incessant progress in instruction and organizational practices. By embracing dynamic performance, educational institutions can adapt, evolve, and thrive in an ever-changing educational landscape, ultimately enhancing student success, equity, and well-being.
Optimization and Efficiency: Systems are often designed or boosted to achieve precise performance standards, such as exhaust the possibilities of getting required competence, minimizing costs, or enhancing resource utilization. System analysis and design methodologies are used to model, simulate, and optimize system behaviour to meet desired objectives. Optimization and efficiency are highly relevant characteristics of an educational system, contributing to the effective use of resources, the improvement of outcomes, and the general realisation of educational activities. Optimization and efficiency are essential characteristics of an educational system, enabling institutions to maximize resources, increase outcomes, and meet the diverse needs of learners in an ever-changing educational landscape. By prioritizing optimization and efficiency, educational institutions can enhance their capacity to deliver high-quality education, encourage student success, and contribute to the advancement of society.
Complexity: Systems can display different degrees of complexity, ranging from simple to complex systems with several interconnected mechanisms and transactions. Complex systems may display nonlinear behaviour, emergent properties, and unpredictable outcomes due to the interactions among numerous elements and factors.
Adaptability: Systems can adjust to changes in their environment or operating conditions. Adaptability allows systems to maintain functionality, flexibility, and feasibility in response to turbulences, interruptions, or external pressures.
In summary, these characteristics of systems provide a framework for understanding their structure, behaviour, and functioning across different domains and disciplines. By examining the interconnections, feedback loops, emergent properties, and dynamic behaviours of systems, analysts and designers can gain insights into how systems operate, evolve, and influence their environments, leading to informed decision-making and effective
References
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Li, M. P., & Lam, B. H. (2013). Cooperative learning. The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 1, 33.
Macpherson, A. (2015). Cooperative learning group activities for college courses.
Suárez, J., & Triviño, V. (2020). What is a hologenomic adaptation? Emergent individuality and inter-identity in multispecies systems. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 495959.
Schuelka, M. J., & Engsig, T. T. (2022). On the question of educational purpose: complex educational systems analysis for inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 26(5), 448-465.
Valantine, H. A., Lund, P. K., & Gammie, A. E. (2016). From the NIH: A systems approach to increasing the diversity of the biomedical research workforce. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3), fe4.
Zietsman, J., & Schutte, C. (2020, July). Emergent Systemic Hierarchies and their Relevance to Project Governance. In INCOSE International Symposium (Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1135-1152).
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ReplyDeleteOseni abdul Salam
Hologenic adaptation refers to a type of adaptation that occurs at the level of the entire organism or system, rather than just a specific part or component. The term "hologenic" comes from the Greek word "holos," meaning "whole."
In biology, hologenic adaptation describes the process by which an organism adapts to its environment in a way that involves the coordinated response of multiple systems or organs, rather than just a single trait or characteristic. This type of adaptation is often seen in response to environmental pressures that affect the entire organism, such as changes in temperature, humidity, or the presence of predators.In a broader sense, hologenic adaptation can also refer to the ability of complex systems, such as social or economic systems, to adapt and evolve in response to changing conditions.
Some examples of hologenic adaptation include:
The development of camouflage in animals, which involves the coordination of multiple traits such as coloration, pattern, and behavior.
The adaptation of plants to drought conditions, which involves changes in root growth, leaf structure, and water use efficiency.
The evolution of social behavior in insects, such as the development of colonies and division of labor.
thank you ma
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ReplyDeleteContemporary biological research has suggested that some host–microbiome multispecies systems (referred to as “holobionts”) can in certain circumstances evolve as unique biological individual, thus being a unit of selection in evolution. If this is so, then it is arguably the case that some biological adaptations have evolved at the level of the multispecies system, what we call hologenomic adaptations. However, no research has yet been devoted to investigating their nature, or how these adaptations can be distinguished from adaptations at the species-level (genomic adaptations). In this article cover this gap by investigating the nature of hologenomic adaptations. By drawing on the case of the evolution of sanguivory diet in vampire bats, we argue that a trait constitutes a hologenomic adaptation when its evolution can only be explained if the holobiont is considered the biological individual that manifests this adaptation, while the bacterial taxa that bear the trait are only opportunistic beneficiaries of it. We then use the philosophical notions of emergence and inter-identity to explain the nature of this form of individuality and argue why it is special of holobionts. Overall, the article illustrates how the use of philosophical concepts can illuminate scientific discussions, in the trend of what has recently been called metaphysics of biology.
Homogenic adaptation refers to a type of adaptation where an organism develops a new trait or characteristic that is similar in function or appearance to an existing trait or characteristic in another organism, but is not necessarily related to it evolutionarily.
ReplyDeleteIn other words, homogenic adaptation occurs when different species, lineages, or organisms develop similar solutions to similar problems or environments, independently of each other. This means that the adaptation is not the result of inheritance or gene transfer from a common ancestor, but rather a result of convergent evolution.
Examples of homogenic adaptation include:
- The development of wings in insects and birds
- The evolution of desert-dwelling plants and animals that have similar adaptations for water conservation
- The development of similar enzymes or biochemical pathways in different organisms that perform similar functions.
Homogenic adaptation highlights the power of natural selection to shape the evolution of organisms in response to their environments, even if they are not closely related.
Contemporary biological research has suggested that some host-microbiome multispecies systems (referred to as "holobionts") can in certain circumstances evolve as unique biological individual, thus being a unit of selection in evolution
ReplyDeleteThe hierarchical arrangement of systems reveals the connections and dependencies between different levels of organization. Emergent properties are highly relevant as a characteristic of an educational system, predominantly in accepting the complex and dynamic interactions that occur within educational environments.
ReplyDeleteThe hierarchies within Educational system are being itemized in different levels, and they include the following;
ReplyDeleteFEDERAL
STATE
DISTRICT
SCHOOL
STUDENT
TEACHER
A system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives a system denotes a set of unified elements or components that work together to achieve a mutual purpose or function. The types of system include the following: Federal, State, Local or District, School, Teacher and Student.
ReplyDeleteHologenic adaptation refers to the process by which an individual or system adapts to their environment in a way that is holistic, integrated, and interconnected. This concept is inspired by the idea of holograms, where each part contains the information of the whole.
ReplyDeleteIn hologenic adaptation, the individual or system adapts in a way that:
1. Considers the entire system, not just isolated parts
2. Integrates new information and experiences into existing knowledge and behaviors
3. Recognizes the interconnectedness of components and their impact on the whole
4. Evolves and changes in response to environmental demands, while maintaining coherence and integrity
Hologenic adaptation is often seen in complex systems, such as:
1. Ecosystems
2. Social networks
3. Human consciousness and learning
4. Organizational development
This concept is relevant in fields like psychology, education, ecology, and systems thinking, as it offers a framework for understanding how complex systems adapt, learn, and evolve in a holistic and integrated way.
System is a unit as a whole incorporating all its aspects and parts, namely, pupils, teachers, curriculum, content and evaluation of instructional objectives. The teaching and learning process is viewed as communication and control taking place between the components of a system.
ReplyDeleteThe concepts of a system in instruction refers to cohesive and interconnected framework that integrates various components to achieve educational goals. A instructional system typically includes:
ReplyDelete1.input:learners resources and information.
2. Process: instructional strategies, methods and activities.
3.output: learning outcomes, assessment and evaluation.
4. Feedback: mechanism and monitoring.
5.control: management and coordination of the system components.
environment:-context and setting in which the system operates.
By considering instructions in a system, educators can design and manage learning environment that optimize student outcomes and foster meaningful learning experience.
One of the critical characteristics of an educational system is dynamic behavior,it encourages teamwork,openness, innovation in instruction and organisation practices.
ReplyDeleteThis is a group of part or element working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve goals and objectives.
ReplyDeleteThank you very much ma'am for the educating lesson.
ReplyDelete100611016
ReplyDeleteHomogenic adaptation refers to the process by which an organism adjusts to a specific environment in a way that makes it more uniform or consistent with that environment. This term is often used in the context of evolutionary biology, where organisms may evolve similar traits or characteristics when exposed to similar environmental pressures, leading to a convergence of features despite different evolutionary lineages.
For example, in the case of convergent evolution, different species might independently develop similar adaptations, such as the streamlined bodies of dolphins and sharks, which are adaptations to a similar aquatic environment.
Feedback mechanisms are essential features of an educational system, simplifying communication, collaboration, and continuous improvement among students, educators, administrators, and other stakeholders.
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives. The characteristics and qualities of a system describe its fundamental attributes and properties that define its structure, conduct, and operation across different domains and disciplines.
ReplyDeleteThe key element of any system are identified as input, processor, output and feedback/control
ReplyDeleteFive common characteristic of system ars also outlined.
Organization, interaction, interdependence, integration, and a central objective
A system is a group or parts of elements working together independently,cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives.
ReplyDeleteSystems could be in various contexts ranging from natural systems found in the environment to human-made systems.
Hologenomics is a research approach that studies the interactions between organisms and their microbiomes (the communities of microorganisms living within or around them). The term "hologenome" refers to the combined genetic material of an organism and its associated microbiome.
ReplyDeleteHologenomics considers the organism and its microbiome as a single, interconnected system, rather than separate entities. This approach recognizes that the microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping the organism's biology, behavior, and evolution.
Key aspects of hologenomics:
1. Interconnectedness: Organism and microbiome are interconnected and interdependent.
2. Holistic view: Studies the organism and microbiome as a single system.
3. Genetic and environmental interactions: Examines how the organism's genes and environment influence the microbiome, and vice versa.
4. Functional integration: Investigates how the microbiome contributes to the organism's functions, such as digestion, immunity, and behavior.
Hologenomics has applications in various fields, including:
1. Human health: Understanding the role of the microbiome in diseases and developing new treatments.
2. Agriculture: Improving crop yields and plant health through microbiome management.
3. Environmental science: Studying the impact of microbiomes on ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.
4. Evolutionary biology: Exploring how microbiomes influence the evolution of organisms.
By considering the organism and microbiome as a single system, hologenomics offers a more comprehensive understanding of biological processes and their interactions with the environment.
A system is a set of interconnected and interdependent components that work together to achieve a common goal or function. It is a holistic entity that consists of various parts, relationships, and processes that interact and influence one another.
ReplyDeleteKey characteristics of a system:
1. *Interconnectedness*: Components are connected and interact with each other.
2. *Interdependence*: Components rely on each other to function.
3. *Holism*: The system is more than the sum of its parts.
4. *Boundaries*: Systems have clear boundaries that define their scope and limits.
5. *Inputs and outputs*: Systems receive inputs, process them, and produce outputs.
6. *Feedback loops*: Systems often have feedback mechanisms to regulate and adjust performance.
7. *Homeostasis*: Systems strive for balance and stability.
The body system work together to maintain health likewise eduçational system interact to support students learning
ReplyDeleteThe accomplishment of organization goals and objectives can be easily achieved if all the levels work together as awhole
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of element working together indepently,cooperatively and interactively as awhole to achieve goals and objectives
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives. Examples of a system are; human body, School etc.
ReplyDeleteCharacteristics of a system are as follows:
1. Interconnectedness; which means a system has different elements coming together to work for the progress of the system.
2. Boundaries
3. Hierarchy
4. Dynamic Behaviour
5. Optimization and Efficiency
6. Complexities
7. Adaptability
8. Input and Output
9. Feedback Loop
A short summary and my understanding of system approach xtersistics, Otherwise called. The principle of system theory ; this is all of the element that connected various systems together to achieve a common goal and objective theses Element include the following,
ReplyDelete1. Interwoven or interdisciplinary perspective....this is simply the coming together of all various system in achieving common goal
2. Boundaries....this is simply about limitations
3. Emergence properties....This is the interaction among components
4. Hierachy.....this are different of arrangement, either from top to bottom or from bottom to top as the case may be
5. Dynamic behaviour.....no single behaviour is expected from whole or general group
6. Optimization and efficiency
7. Complexity
8. Adaptability
9. Feedback
All of the above among others makes up the system approach thoery
A system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives. Examples of a system are; human body, School etc.
ReplyDeleteCharacteristics of a system are as follows:
1. Interconnectedness; which means a system has different elements coming together to work for the progress of the system.
2. Boundaries
3. Hierarchy
4. Dynamic Behaviour
5. Optimization and Efficiency
6. Complexities
7. Adaptability
8. Input and Output
9. Feedback Loop
10. Homeostasis
11. Holism
A system is a group of parts or elements working together independently,cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives.
ReplyDeleteThe characteristics and qualities of a system describe its fundamental attributes and properties: interconnectedness, purpose, boundaries, emergent properties, hierarchy, feedback, mechanism, dynamic behaviour, optimatization and efficiency, complexity and adaptability.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThanks for your time ma.
ReplyDeleteTo buttress your point, a system is a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of individual components working together to achieve a common goal. This perspective recognises that the collective performance of a system is more valuable than the sum of its individual parts. In essence, a system is a coordinated network of separate elements that collaborate to accomplish predetermined objectives. This concept can be applied to education and instruction, where various components, such as curriculum, teaching methods, and assessments, work together to achieve specific learning outcomes.
Instruction as a subsystem refers to the teaching and learning processes within the larger educational system. It's a crucial component that operates within the overall system, influencing and being influenced by other subsystems.
Characteristics of instruction as a subsystem:
-Teaching strategies and methods: Various approaches to convey knowledge and skills.
-Learning activities and materials: Resources and tasks that support student learning.
-Assessment and feedback mechanisms: Evaluating student progress and providing guidance.
-Teacher-student interactions: Relationships and communication that facilitate learning.
-Classroom environment and management: Creating a conducive learning atmosphere.
-Technology integration: Utilising digital tools to enhance instruction.
By recognising instruction as a subsystem, educators can better understand its role within the larger educational system and make informed decisions to optimise teaching and learning.
Homogenic adaptation refers to the process by which a species or population becomes better suited to its environment through genetic changes that occur within the species itself, rather than through the introduction of new genes from other species.
ReplyDeleteIn other words, homogenic adaptation involves the natural selection of existing genetic variations within a population, leading to the evolution of traits that enhance survival and reproduction in a specific environment.
This concept is also known as "microevolution" or "adaptation through genetic drift." It's an important mechanism of evolution that helps species adapt to changing environments, resist diseases, and exploit new resources.
A system is a group elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives. System is usually found in group of thing or people. Examples are schools, computer system, human beings etc.
ReplyDeleteThe characteristics of a system includes
1. Interconnectedness: Systems are composed elements connected together to achieve common goals.
2. Boundaries: Systems have their particular limit at which they can operate. Boundaries play crucial role in determining the arrangements and areas that a system intend to cover.
3. Emergent properties: Emergent properties has to do with the interaction among components of a system.
4. Hierarchy
5.Dynamic behaviour
6. Optimization and efficiency
7. Complexity
8. Adaptability.
All these characteristics provide a framework for understanding their structure, behaviour, and functioning across different domains and disciplines.
Instruction (as a subsystem) is the formally structured and systematized process housed within this larger educational system that deals specifically with how we deliver learning experiences. This refers to the development, application and assessment of teaching strategies, methods designed for specific outcomes. It engages as a subsystem that links with curriculum development, assessment and educational technology to provide an efficient system for learning. It is based on pedagogical principles, and customizing a learning plan as per varying needs of learners helps to meet the educational objectives efficiently within a broader educational framework.
ReplyDeleteHologenomic adaptation refers to the co-evolution of a host organism and its associated microbiome. This concept extends the idea of evolution to consider the collective genomes of the host and its microbial communities. Key aspects of hologenomic adaptation include:
ReplyDelete1. Holobiont Concept:The host and its microbiome are viewed as a single evolutionary unit, known as a holobiont.
2. Microbiome Influence: The microbiome can affect the host’s physiology, development, and fitness, thus influencing evolutionary outcomes.
3. Genomic Interactions: The interactions between the host’s genome and the microbial genomes can lead to adaptations that benefit the holobiont as a whole.
4. Environmental Impact: Changes in the environment can affect the microbiome composition, which in turn can influence the host’s adaptation.
5. Example Studies: Studies on corals, plants, and even humans highlight how changes in the microbiome can affect host traits and adaptation.
Hologenomic adaptation provides a more comprehensive view of evolution, emphasizing the importance of microbial communities in shaping the evolutionary trajectories of their hosts.
Thank you ma for the educating lecture
ReplyDeleteA system is an interdependent group of items, people, or processes working together toward a common purpose. The performance of a system is dependent on how these component parts interact with each other. Each part has its own role in supporting the common purpose. But, if the parts work in isolation the system will not operate to maximum effectiveness.
ReplyDeleteThank you so much ma, the lecture is impactful.
ReplyDeleteHomogenic adaptation refers to a type of adaptation where an organism develops a new trait or characteristic that is similar in function or appearance to an existing trait or characteristic in another organism, but is not necessarily related to it evolutionarily.
ReplyDeleteThe hierarchical arrangement of systems reveals the connections and dependencies between different levels of organization. Emergent properties are highly relevant as a characteristic of an educational system, predominantly in accepting the complex and dynamic interactions that occur within educational environments.
Feedback mechanisms are educational features which involves collaboration, communication and improvement between students/teachers and other stakeholders.
ReplyDeleteSystems are dynamic and are a relevant characteristic of educational systems which allows innovation, teamwork and organizational practices.
Nice and detailed lecture
ReplyDeleteA system can be defined loosely as two or more components of which one or more are essential parts that interact with each other to achieve a shared goal. This definition has several important factors of which all systems rely upon. The first is that a system contains one or more essential parts of which if removed the system would be unable to achieve its goal.
ReplyDeleteThe second is that each part within a system interacts which each other to achieve the goal of the system. It is important to understand that no essential part can by itself perform the function of the system as a whole and that the system cannot perform its function within a larger system if an essential part is removed from the system.
All systems have two or more components that interact to achieve a common goal.
Essential parts have three factors that define them.
First, each essential part can affect the behavior or properties of the whole. Conversely, every subsystem within a larger system can affect the behavior or properties of the whole yet none of the subsystems can have an independent effect on the whole. This factor is important in that if the essential part is altered then the ability of the system to perform its function is impacted, possibly negatively. Therefore, it is possible to improve the performance of an essential part yet degrade the performance of the system.
It is possible to improve a part of a system yet degrade the system as a whole.
Second, no essential part has an independent effect on the whole; each essential part instead interacts with other essential parts as a connecting set. An example of this would be the brain within the human body in that the brain is not able to think on its own but instead relies on interactions with other subsystems within the body to perform its function. Nor can a subsystem perform the function, behavior, or properties of the larger system. An example of this is the human body in which no component or subsystem within the human body can live yet all of the components and subsystems interact to perform the overall function of the human body (life).
No essential part can have an independent effect on the whole.
Third, the properties of essential parts provide several concepts important in understanding all systems. The first important concept is that the performance of a system relies on the interactions of the parts within it and not on the performance of the parts taken separately. This concept runs counter to conventional analytical thinking which attempts to gain an understanding of the whole by disassembling the parts. Analytical thinking fails to provide understanding of a system due to the fact that when a system is disassembled it no longer is able to perform it’s role; it is through a study of the interactions that true understanding of a system is gained. The second important concept is that by optimizing the parts one can inadvertently make the system worse. When parts are optimized without consideration of the interactions the ability of the other parts to interact and perform their own role relative to the function of the overall system changes.
A system can be defined as a n interdependent group of group of items.people or processes working together in order to achieve a common goal.However,the performance of a system depends on how these components interact with each other.Each part has its own role in supporting the common goal.
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve a specific goals and objectives
ReplyDeleteGod bless you for this insightful lecture note ma.
ReplyDeleteThe properties of essential parts provide several concepts important in understanding all systems. The first important concept is that the performance of a system relies on the interactions of the parts within it and not on the performance of the parts taken separately.
ReplyDeleteIn the context of instruction, a system refers to a cohesive and interconnected set of components that work together to achieve a common goal: effective teaching and learning.
ReplyDeleteKey characteristics of a system in instruction:
1. Interconnectedness: Components are linked and interdependent.
2. Holism: The system is more than the sum of its parts.
3. Purposefulness: The system is designed to achieve specific learning objectives.
4. Organization: Components are structured and coordinated.
5. Feedback: The system uses feedback to adjust and improve.
6. Dynamic: The system is adaptable and responsive to changing needs.
Components of a system in instruction:
1. Learners
2. Instructor
3. Objectives
4. Materials
5. Methods
6. Assessment
7. Feedback
8. Environment
By viewing instruction as a system, educators can:
1. Analyze and improve the instructional process
2. Identify and address weaknesses
3. Optimize resource allocation
4. Enhance student learning outcomes
5. Foster a collaborative and supportive learning environment
An instructional system is not a static entity; it's a dynamic and evolving framework that requires ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and refinement to ensure effective teaching and learning.
A system is can be defined as a group of independent, cooperative, and interactive parts working together to achieve specific goals and objectives. It's a set of unified elements that function together to achieve a mutual purpose.
ReplyDeleteImportant Points learner are:
- Systems can be natural or human-made
- Systems have distinct characteristics
- There are different types of systems
- Educational systems have hierarchies and components
- Instruction is a subsystem within educational systems
980302292
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of interacting or integrated elements, that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A group of related things/ elements, that work together. For instance, the body system, educational system.
Elements/ characteristics of a system:
1.Inter- connectedness/ inter- disciplinary perspective
2. Boundaries
3. Emergent properties.
4. Hierarchy
5.Dynamic behavior
6.Optimisation and efficiency
7. Complexity
8. Adaptability
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteA system is a group of parts or elements working together independently, cooperatively and interactively as a whole to achieve specific goals and objectives
ReplyDeleteCharacteristics of system are
1. Dynamic behaviour
2. Adaptability
3. Interconnectedness
The characteristics and qualities of a system describe its fundamental attributes and properties that define its structure, conduct, and operation across different domains and disciplines. By examining the interconnections, feedback loops, emergent properties, and dynamic behaviours of systems, analysts and designers can gain insights into how systems operate, evolve, and influence their environments, leading to informed decision-making and effective problem-solving.
ReplyDeleteThank you ma.